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    Lemon Verbena (Lippia citriodora [Ort.] HBK)

    Synonyms

    Lippia citriodora: Lemon verbena
    Lemon verbena twig
    Lippia citriodora: Lemon verbena
    Lemon verbena with flowers
    Lippia citriodora: Lemon verbena leaf
    Lemon verbena leaf
    botVerbena triphylla (L'Hér.), Verbena citriodora Cav., Aloysia triphylla (L'Hér.) Britton, Aloysia citriodora (Cav.) Ort.
    CatalanHerba lluïsa
    Chinese
    (Cantonese)
    檸檬馬鞭草 [nìhng mūng máh bīn chóu]
    Nihng mung mah bin chou
    Chinese
    (Mandarin)
    檸檬馬鞭草 [níng méng mǎ biān cǎo]
    Ning meng ma bian cao
    DanishJernurt
    DutchCitroenverbena
    EnglishLemon-scented verbena,
    EstonianSidrunaloisia
    Farsiبه لیمو
    Beh limou
    FinnishLippia
    FrenchVerveine citronelle, Verveine odorante
    GalicianHerba Luisa
    GermanZitronenverbene
    GreekΒερμπένα, Λουΐζα
    Louïza, Verbena
    Hebrewלואיזה, ליפיה לימונית
    Lipia limonit, Luisa, Luizah
    HungarianCitrom verbéna, Cedron
    Japaneseレモンバーベナ, ボウシュウボク
    Remonbabena, Bōshū-boku, Boshu-boku
    Korean레몬 버베나, 레몬버베나
    Remon beobena, Remon bobena, Remon-beobena
    LithuanianCitrininė aloyzija
    RomanianLămâițăLămâiţă, Verbină
    RussianВербена лимонная
    Verbena limonnaya
    SlovakAlojzia citrónová
    SpanishCedron, Hierbaluisa
    CroatianZeleni limun-sporiš
    CzechSporýš
    PolishLippia trójlistna
    PortugueseLimonete
    SlovenianCitronka

    Used plant part

    Leaves, best used fresh.

    Plant family

    Verbenaceae (verbena family).

    Sensory quality

    Lemon verbena has an unusually pure, fruity lemon note; it is more intense than many other lemon-scented herbs (see lemon myrtle for an overview).

    Main constituents

    The essential oil (less than 1%) is mainly characterized by the aldehydes citral, neral and geranial; further monoterpenoids found are limonene, carvone, dipentene, linalool, nerol and geraniol.

    Origin

    South America (Chile, Perú).

    Genus Lippia contains about 200 species from the tropics of Africa and America; of these, the “Mexican Oregano” (L. graveolens) is most important as a new-world substitute for oregano. Another plant worth mentioning is L. dulcis (Aztec sweetherb, sweet lippia): Besides containing an effective sweetener, the plant has an intensive aromatic flavour reminiscent to camphor and licorice (see there for a fuller account on sweet herbs and spices). Consume of this plant is not without risk, due to the high camphor content.

    Another species, Lippia adoensis, is native to East Africa; its sweet aroma is dominated by linalool. It is used as a culinary spice in Ethiopia, where it is known by the Amharic name koseret [ኮሰርት]. Being unavailable outside of Africa, it is usually substituted by linalool-rich basil cultivars (“Mediterranean type”).
    Lippia citriodora: Lemon verbena flower
    Close-up to lemon verbena flower

    Etymology

    The name vervain goes back to a Latin noun verbena “leafy branch”. About the species name, citriodorus, see lemon myrtle.

    The obsolescent species name triphyllus “with three leaves” refers to the arrangement of the leaves on the stem: At each node, three leaves are formed (Greek treis [τρεῖς] “three” and phyllon [φύλλον] “leaf”).

    The genus name Aloysia, now also obsolescent, was allegedly given in honour of Maria Luisa Teresa de Parma (1751–1819), wife of king Carlos IV of Spain. Some foreign names of lemon verbena contain an element referring to Louise, e.g. Spanish hierba luisa “herb of Luisa”, Slovak alojzia citrónová “lemon Luisa”, Greek louiza [λουΐζα] and Hebrew luiza [לואיזה].

    Selected Links

    Nature One Health: Lemon Verbena chemikalienlexikon.de: Citral


    Lippia citriodora: Lemon verbena
    Lemon verbena plant
    The flavour of lemon verbena is very pure and fresh – in fact, of the many lemon-scented plants, only lemon myrtle comes close; yet lemon verbena is less intense than lemon myrtle.

    Only 100 years ago, lemon verbena was a common ornamental in European gardens, but today it is rarely planted. The herb's culinary merits have also fallen into oblivion; to be fair, however, it should be stressed that lemon verbena has never been an important herb in European cookery.

    Like many other lemon-scented spices, lemon verbena is often suggested to flavour fish stews and soups; it is also good with poultry. Its main application, however, is the flavouring of sweets, desserts and drinks.

    Lemon verbena, like lemon balm (which it surpasses by far), has a strong affinity to fresh fruits: The subtle lemon flavour nicely emphasizes and reinforces the fruit's natural aroma. Thus, lemon verbena can be used to give fruit salads an unusual touch, or a chopped leaves can be sprinkled over a fruit bowl, or freshly prepared fruit juice can be garnished with one or two leaves of lemon verbena. Other applications include fruits sorbet or any processed dessert based on fruits, e.g., ice cream (see vanilla).



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    Modification date: 29 Oct 2000